The History Of Subtitles In Media

The History Of Subtitles In Media Soon after the invention of film, many efforts were made to convey the dialogue of the actors to the audience. It was started with what we now call intertitles which texts are drawn or printed on paper then filmed and placed between the sequences of the film. In 1903, they were first seen as epic and descriptive titles in Edwin S. Porters movie, Uncle Toms Cabin. However, there are some argument saying this technique may have been invented by cartoonist and filmmaker, J. Stuart Blackton. The titles were called as subtitles since 1909 as they were used in the same way in a newspaper. In the early years, the subtitles were already been placed in the moving image. However, this is very rare and only applicable to a few moving images such as in Porters College Chums (1907), Judex (1916) and Mireille (1922). In the early days of film subtitling the main problem was to place the subtitles on the distribution copies, as the negative was usually in safe keeping in the country of origin. Norway, Sweden, Hungary and France quickly took the lead in developing techniques for subtitling films. However, the first attested showing of a sound film with subtitles was when The Jazz Singer (originally released in the US in October 1927) opened in Paris, on January 26, 1929, with subtitles in French. Later that year, Italy followed suit, and on August 17, 1929, another Al Jolson film, The Singing Fool, opened in Copenhagen, fitted with Danish subtitles. (Gottlieb, p. 216) Jan Ivarsson (2004, November 17). A short technical history of subtitle in Europe. While it is still in the era of intertitles, it was very easy to solve the translation problem. The original titles were simply removed, translated, filmed and re-inserted back into the movie. An alternative is where a speaker was used to give a simultaneous interpretation of the intertitles such as the French Bonimenteur and the Japanese Benshi. To start with, attempts were made to breathe new life into the technique invented in 1909, i.e. manual projection of slides with printed texts directly onto the screen, but very soon, methods of copying photographed titles on to the film copy itself came into use. A frame containing the title was kept in position while the film negative and the positive print strip were fed forward and exposed. Jan Ivarsson (2004, November 17). A short technical history of subtitle in Europe. In fact, the very first subtitles in the modern sense have already saw the light of day since the silent film era. In 1909, M. N. Topp came out with a device which rapid showing titles for moving pictures other than those on the film strip. With this method, the projectionist can easily use the sciopticon (a kind of slide projector) to show the subtitles on the screen below the intertitles. However, this was never much more than a curiosity as similar technique with the titles on a film strip instead of slides have been used from time to time up to the present day in 2010. In 1930 a Norwegian inventor, Leif Eriksen, took out a patent for a method of stamping titles directly on to the images on the film strip, first moistening the emulsion layer to soften it. The titles were typeset, printed on paper and photographed to produce very small letterpress type plates for each subtitle. Later, in 1935, a Hungarian inventor, O. Turchà ¡nyi, registered a patent for a method whereby the plates were heated to a sufficiently high temperature to melt away the emulsion on the film without the need for a softening bath. Jan Ivarsson (2004, November 17). A short technical history of subtitle in Europe. Literature Review Function of subtitle: There a few main functions of subtitle. Among the functions of subtitle is to help the viewer in understanding the speeches or conversations that are ongoing in the movie. According to DePorter, B. and Hernacki, M, (1992) in QUANTUM LEARNING: Unleashing the Genius in You, there are three types of information modalities in human which are visual, auditory and kinesthetic. In this case, the creation of subtitle might help those people who perceive information visually. Another main function of subtitle is to translate foreign language speeches in a movie to aid the native viewer in understanding the foreign movie. As the world is much globalised now, people can watch movies from across the world which might have different languages used and so the role of subtitle here is important which is to translate the foreign language into a particular natives language. Subtitle also helps the audibly impaired movie viewers in watching movies. Although audibly impaired people cannot hear anything, they are still visually potent. Therefore, they can never be neglected as potential customers of filming industry. With the existence of subtitle, it encourages this group of people to watch any movie they like. Positive Effect: A large number of researches based on observations and feedback from students have been done to determine the positive effect of monolingual subtitles on viewer-learners. This type of screen translation, known as subtitle helps a lot in the language acquisition process by providing them with written comprehensible input, which can help the viewer to understand better in the movie. This will indirectly motivates them to continue watching and encourage them to extend their learning and intake of the language. Subtitles encourage positive learning reaction by presenting the movie in both visual and hearing perception, allowing the viewer to have multi-semiotic reception. In most of the case of foreign language viewers, they often learn through hearing, reading and visual perception of images. When an oral dialogue is transformed into written textual material, the outcome must be very accurate and always follows the paste of the speech by actor so that the subtitle can easily combine with the audiovisual make-up of the film or TV program. This is an important part in monolingual subtitling for learning purposes, especially the correspondence between the spoken text and written text as this could ensure the learners feedback is not only exposed to the phonological and orthographic inaccuracies but also to semantic confusion. For example, the movie Bend it like Beckham which uses different linguistic expression has create confusion in the viewer, unless they are gradually guided with explanat ion throughout the movie. Simultaneous presentation of soundtrack and written text improves recognition memory for spoken words and can aid novel word learning, as assessed by explicit and implicit memory tests (Bird and Williams, 2002: 509). Memory and learning are closely related. Annamaria Caimi (2006). The journal of Specialised Translation (6), 14. The term learning is often referring to the process of getting of information, while the term memory is always refer as the storage of information. However, this may be merged together which is considered by psychologists as a mean of incorporating encoding, storage and retrieval of information. Recently, memory researchers discovered that sometimes past events influence our present behavior without our conscious awareness. Such memories are referred as implicit memories. On the other hand, explicit memory refers to conscious and intentional collection of experiences. Implicit memory is been measured by using indirect memory tests while explicit memory has always been measured by using direct memory tests like recall and recognition. A group of university student which consist of fifteen members have volunteered themselves to attend a series of experimental class modules on intralingual subtitled videos. In the early stages of the experiment, the students were been tested on lexical, semantic and visual recognition memory after attending the first module of lessons which they viewed some intralingua subtitled videos. The analysis of their answer shows positive results only if the quality of the subtitles is good and appropriately adapted to the plot, speed of speech, images and scenes. The use of imagery and text as an elaborative study task is examined to determine its effects on tests that are adapted to an explicit recognition memory perspective. The tests are based on word-stem completion, dialogue completion, paraphrasing completion, questions on context, colour/object association, true/false questions, old/new questions, yes/no questions and summary completion. Annamaria Caimi (2006). The journal of Specialised Translation (6), 14. The tests with provisional results have shown that explicit test performance is greatly improved after the students perform an imaginary study task. This improvement is significant as the students are able to imagine the referent of visually presented words and sentences. However, it is very important that the subtitle is kept with its optimal requisites so that the improvements are maximized. Such optimal requisites for a subtitle demand the professional ability of the audiovisual translator, who has to transfer the relevant verbal dialogue into written text to be presented without any changes of meaning. It is very obvious and important that a professional audiovisual translator is not paraphrasing the cues, but rather transforming the dialogue in a concise way by eliminating the redundancies, and sometimes if necessary safeguarding the kernel message which is crucial to the understanding of the scene. The reading and listening comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, word recognitio n, and overall motivation to read among students will only be improved only if these tight and crucial rules subtitling are been followed appropriately. Negative effects of subtitle: Although subtitle brings benefit to all movie viewers, there are still a few flaws in it. According to Holger Mitterer from Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen and James M. McQueen from Behavioural Science Institute and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition Behaviour, Centre for Cognition, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, foreign subtitles help but native-Language subtitles harm foreign speech perception. Native-language subtitles appear to create lexical interference, but foreign-language subtitles assist speech learning by indicating which words (and hence sounds)are being spoken. Holger Mitterer from Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen and James M. McQueen from Behavioural Science Institute and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition Behaviour, Centre for Cognition, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Foreign Subtitles Help but Native-Language Subtitles Harm Foreign Speech Perception, PLoS One. 2009; 4(11): e7785. Published online 2009 November 11. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007785 It is shown that native-Language subtitles harm foreign speech perception as one cannot really perceive foreign language speech due to the fact they perceive them by using the lexical and phonics of their own native language. This way of perceiving will create wrong perception about the lexical and phonics of foreign language as the structure of foreign and native language can never be the same. Imagine an American listener, fluent in Mexican Spanish, watching El Laberinto del fauno [Pans Labyrinth, 3]. She may have considerable difficulty understanding the European Spanish if she is unfamiliar with that language variety. How might she be able to cope better? We argue here that subtitles can help. Critically, the subtitles should be in Spanish, not English. This is because subtitles in the language of the film indicate which words are being spoken, and so can boost speech learning about foreign speech sounds. Holger Mitterer from Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen and James M. McQueen from Behavioural Science Institute and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition Behaviour, Centre for Cognition, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Foreign Subtitles Help but Native-Language Subtitles Harm Foreign Speech Perception, PLoS One. 2009; 4(11): e7785. Published online 2009 November 11. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007785 Besides that, subtitle may not completely display all the text speeches in the movie due to time constrain. This will result in poor quality of subtitle; hence, the movie viewers cannot totally rely on subtitle as an aid in capturing and understanding the speeches and conversations that are ongoing in the movie. In this case, if one relies too much on subtitle, he or she may not completely capture the content of the movie. There is one uncommon case about the negative effect of subtitle which is movie subtitle encloses computer virus. According to BitDefender PressCenter, BitDefender has tracked down a spying program which encloses itself in DIVX film subtitle library in the internet. Details inside the virus body may indicate that the author is a Romanian fan of underground music.It tricks users into executing the backdoor, using the name of the movie Kill Bill. The ZIP file was specially crafted, so most antivirus products will not identify the file inside as executable, Mihai Neagu, Virus Researcher at BitDefender Lab said. The backdoor sends network and internet passwords, as well as statistical system information by email, to the virus author, Mihai added. BitDefender PressCenter, 16th October 2010. Previous Studies on Subtitles First study This study was conducted by Abdul Samad.A. He is a student from University of King Ahmed(2006). Abdul Samad.A analyzed the translation of English conditional sentence in The Network Conspiracy movie and its subtitle which is done by Said Saqqaf. Abdul Samad.A took the data from the movie and the subtitle. He studied the process of the translation from spoken language into written language. He interested in study the translation varieties of English conditional structural sentence into Arabic conditional structural sentence. He also analyzed the type of the translation and the message equivalence. Results: He found that there are 21 varieties of the English conditional sentence translated into explicit, implicit, and another Arabic conjunction. Also he found five types of translation into the subtitling (literal translation, word-for-word translation, pragmatic translation, dynamic translation, ethnographic translation) Second Study This study was conducted by Abdul Rauf. A. (2006). He is a student of University of King Ahmed. S. Abdul Rauf studied the comissive utterance in The Hurt Locker movie and its subtitle which is done by M. Hamid and Hnadi. S. Abdul Rauf took the data from the utterance of the movie and its subtitle. He studied the process of the translation from spoken language into written language. He analyzed the equivalence politeness and the accurateness of translation of comissive utterance by using the equivalence and the accurateness translation theory. Results: His study shows some accurate translation and some inaccurate translation. There are 15 (fifteen) from 20 (twenty) data (95.19%) are accurate translation and 6 (six) data (5.81%) are in accurate translation. Related to the politeness equivalence, he found four politenesses in the movie and its translation (positive politeness, negative politeness, bald on record, and off record) Third Study This study was conducted by Windarta (2008). She is a student from Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. In this study, Windarta analyzed the condensation strategy in subtitling of Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl Film. She took the data from dialogue of the actors of the movie and its subtitle. She studied the translation process from spoken language into written language. Then she analyzed the condensation strategy in subtitling the movie. Results: The study showed three main results. First, there are five types of condensation sentence are used in the subtitle (positive interrogative sentence, positive and negative declarative sentence, positive and negative imperative sentence). Second, the reasons of using condensation strategy in this subtitle are related to providing maximum appreciation and comprehension and readability and to the temporal parameter / duration. Third, there are some condensation sentence are non-equivalence. Movies Reviews Journey to the Center of Earth Movie Review: The pioneer live-action feature to make use of new digital 3-D technology has to be Journey to the Centre of Earth. The film producers, however, has lost track of the need to tell a compelling story to enhance the eye candy in producing what amounts to a 90-minutes theme park ride. Although taking its name from one of the most well-known science fiction novels of all centuries, Journey to the Centre of the Earth is as feeble when it meets with fiction as it is when it meets with science. It is undeniably a lengthy gimmick, a chance for special effects whiz-turned-director Eric Brevig to impress the audience with his technical brilliance. In absence of lawful script with credible characters, and with 3-D, a little goes a long way, the thrill ended long before the movie ended. The movies plot is bad. The relationship between Trevor and Sean is dull; neither is developed as more than a puppet to manipulate with in the 3-D surroundings. It is Hannahs role to make Trevor looks like a fool and in the end provide some unexciting romance. The attempt to import some charm by Brendan Fraser that he showed it in The Mummy to this film has generally failed. Trevor is basically just a human face to enter into a world that is a cross between Jurassic Park and Land of the Lost. On the whole, it is just all about its striking 3-D, but after 30 minutes (or so) of pretty images, one begins to desire for more and it makes the movie cant deliver. Take away the 3-D, and theres little remaining. The Karate Kid Movie Review: The karate kid is among the most satisfying and interesting movie Ive seen all year. I like the new star Jaden Smith, who is only 12 years old and the main character in this movie. Smith plays Dre, a Detroit pre-teen who moved to Beijing as his mother was transferred here because of her job. He was able to make fast friends with an American boy and a cute Chinese girl named MeiYing. But a school bully named Cheng makes his life in China a living hell. For many times Dre has given up and please her mother to bring him back to Detroit. Finally, Dre get knew to a local repairman named Mr. Han who teaches him martial arts to defend himself for an upcoming tournament. While teaching the boy, Mr Han learnt some important lessons of his own which is very remarkable. I think this movie has discovered a right and important truth, the audience watching a pre-teen to get bullied and fight back is a lot more powerful and touched than if they are adult. For example, it is quite hard to imagine those kids facing the kinds of chest-caving punches and kicks. It is also a little weird and new to watch kids this little to romance each other while it is less awkward for audience if they were older. The most important is, The Karate Kid also treat the Asian locale with respect, which gave the whole film a greater sense of seriousness and sincereness. Moreover, there are also some acknowledgement of the cultural differences between America and China. The Karate Kid has gorgeous and attractive scenery, and the filmmakers make the most of the local, with the most amazing forbidden city, as well as a nice peek into a temple studying kung-fu deep in the mountains, which is quite a beautiful shot. Jackie Chan, the famous Chinese actor who act as the repairman, Mr Han, has been in bad situation lately in North America, but in Asia, he is moving towards to become a character actor with big films like Little Big Soldier. Jackie got the best role he ever had in America as Han. He really acts very well in this movie, especially in his big emoting scene, in which we get knew to his tragic past, is among the finest acting I have ever seen from him. Finally, I am confused with why is this movie called The Karate Kid but not Kung-Fu Kid as there is absolutely no action of Karate in this movie. I also agreed that the kids who fought Dre were too evil and cruel, so as their coach. Furthermore, this movie is also too long; it runs about 130 minutes, which is too long for an audience to enjoy it. However, this was my only disappointment towards the nice movie. In overall, I think this is a good movie and is a very suitable and worth to watch movie. In fact, I honestly cant remember the last time I felt myself enjoy so thoroughly while I am watching such as well and prefect sort of movie. The Findings Based on our studies, we definitely understand the movie The Journey to The Centre of The Earth better because it has English subtitles. The other movie which is The Karate Kid, it has Chinese subtitles. The movie itself is in English, therefore with the English subtitles, we were able to catch every word spoken by the actors and actresses. Besides that, we learnt how to pronounce it properly. This will helps us in improving our phonics in English language. It is not that we did not understand the Karate Kid movie but surely there are many words that we missed. Having the Chinese subtitle definitely did not help me at all as not everyone knows Chinese. As a consequence, it forces us to download either our own native-language subtitle or English language subtitle from the internet. Downloading subtitles from the internet will put our computers at risk of being infected by virus which is found recently by BitDefender. Thus, to be cost wise, it is safer to have a movie that has both sub titles and speeches in a same language. If we were to say that Mandarin subtitle can help someone who is learning English especially the Chinese themselves, it is definitely a major error of learning English as it is proven that foreign speeches are better off to be with subtitle in the same language. This is because native language subtitle harms foreign speech perception, like in this case of English speeches with Mandarin subtitles. For instance, the Chinese themselves especially those who are not well verse with the basic of English language structure itself, will perceive the structure of English language and Mandarin language whether it is grammatically, lexically or speeches, as the same with each other. Therefore, it is not encouraged for people to learn a foreign language by looking at native language subtitle in a movie; instead they should look for movies that have both speeches and subtitle in the same language. Furthermore, when we use subtitle which is in the same language with the movie, of course it will help us improve our language acquisition process in that particular language as it will expose us to accurate usage of grammar and vocabulary and phonics. If it is the other way, we could get confuse of a particular word spoken and the meaning of it. Because for example, for every line spoken, in the subtitle it will be translated for the whole line. It will not be translated word by word as some English vocabularies are not found in Chinese vocabulary and it would carry different meanings and sometimes it would not even make sense. So, basically the reading and listening comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, word recognition, and overall motivation to read among students can be improved in this way. Based on the functions of subtitles, it is very essential for a subtitle to present the speech of the actors in a nice and clear way. Somebody can understand the movie better by looking at the subtitle in the same language with the movie while some prefer their mother language. From the positive side of view, a suitable subtitle language can encourage positive learning reaction by presenting the movie in both visual and hearing perception. These will indirectly motivate them to continue watching and encourage them to extend their learning and intake of language. This is very important especially for children and students who are in the process of learning a language and spending most of their time watching movies. Moreover, only when we really understand the movie, then we can really get into the movie and enjoy what the movie is really about. Then, from the negative side of view, sometimes a foreign language subtitles may cause conflict to a person towards the movie as the subtitle may not completely display all the text speeches in the movie due to time constrain. The audience cannot totally rely on subtitle as an aid for capturing and understanding the speeches in the movie. From our own experiences, with the help of subtitles it does make me understand better. We become excited in learning English and it does give me the motivation to learn more as well as mastering the language. We, personally, more prefer subtitles with the same language with the movie itself because to me it is far better if you want to improve a particular language with enjoying the movie at the same time. Like the saying goes, it is like killing two birds with a stone. So, the two hours will not be wasted just for the sake of enjoyment if you can also dig something else out of it. Thereby, the movie of Journey to the Centre of Earth which both of its speeches and subtitles is in English is more understandable than Karate Kid that has English speeches but Mandarin subtitle. Closure In general, I think the subtitles provided do improve my English language. It is very important for a movie to have subtitles so that I can easily understand the story line. For example, sometimes the actor speaks too fast or the actor has weird accent such as British or American accent, I find it quite hard to get what they said, so now subtitles is needed for better understanding. With subtitles, we can learn more about English speaking in other countrys accent. This really helps a lot especially if you are a traveller who travels very often to other country. For an English movie, the subtitle can be in various type of language. In Malaysia, we normally use our four main languages as the subtitle in our movie, which is English, Malay, Chinese and Tamil. These languages reflect our country as a multi-racial country which consists mainly of Malays, Chinese and Indians. For subtitle in English language, the subtitle is absolutely same as what the actor is speaking. Therefore, I can learn to speak and the correct pronunciations of a specific word by listening to the actor. Furthermore, I can also easily spot new words in the movie by having the subtitle, thus I can get know to many new vocabularies just by searching those new words in the dictionary. I can also remember the word better if I can see and hear it rather than just hearing it. Next, English subtitle also helps to improve my reading skill. We need to read fast enough so that we can always follow the subtitle and get knew to what the actors really meant in their speaking. Next, for subtitle in Malay, Chinese and Tamil, these are the mother language of our majority race in Malaysia. With these languages as subtitle, we can easily get knew to the new word spoken by the actor as we are very familiar with our own mother language. Furthermore, when watching an English movie with these mother languages subtitles, our brain automatically translate the subtitle into English. Therefore, our English is also indirectly been improved in this way. In conclusion, subtitles in an English movie will definitely help to improve our English language. We must appreciate the work done by all those film makers in making their movies complete with subtitles. Together we watch movie with good subtitle and develop an endless love towards our English language which is one of the most powerful language in the world nowadays.

Khaled Hosseinis The Kite Runner Essay -- Hosseini Kite Runner

Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner In the Kite Runner, the author explores the ties that bind sons to fathers and childhood friends to one another and of the forces that tear them apart. Throughout the novel, Khaled Hosseini uses many literary devices such as parallelisms, and characterization, and symbolism. The main message is â€Å"there is a way to be good again.† Amir is continuously changing throughout the story as he narrates it which is evident through the characterization the author displays. He is always selfish when with Hassan, treating him as a servant but expecting a best friend attitude in return. He then realizes his mistakes growing up in Afghanistan and America and changes his ways, trying to get redemption for himself, a key theme in the story. Amir always wants to get attention from his father in his childhood and feels that he is being neglected by his father because he writes stories whereas Hassan is an athletic person. Amir believes Hassan is the son that Baba never had when in reality he is his other son. Throughout the novel Amir holds guilt of betraying Hassan in that fateful alley and it changes him as a person. â€Å"I have been peeking into that deserted alley for the last twenty-six years.† Amir’s goal in life after moving to America is to â€Å"do good again† ... ...ast as infants. This is important because in Hassan’s religion, if you fed from the same breast then you were brothers. This symbolizes the brotherly connection between Amir and Hassan from the beginning and the relationship between Amir and Sohrab. Another symbol in the novel is the blue kite, which is used both in the beginning and the end of the novel. The kite shows the bond between Hassan and Amir and how Hassan was willing to risk his life for their friendship and how much it meant to him. Also at the end Amir shows his loyalty towards Sohrab, as a way to forgive himself. In conclusion, The Kite Runner is a great book, and I can read it over and over again, continuing to learn to make your own path and forgive your past.

Lawyer Ed Masry on a referral Essay

Erin Brockovich is a true American hero who’s icon status and â€Å"stick-to-it-iveness† only fuels her determination to expose injustice and lend her voice to those who do not have one. Erin Brockovich is a single mother, unemployed, struggling to make ends meet in a world not particularly kind to single moms. After a car accident leads her to seek legal redress, she meets lawyer Ed Masry on a referral. When he loses her lawsuit, she shows up at his office, demanding a job, barely hiding her desperation. Intimidated, Ed gives her one. By pursuing her own curiosity she brings on a difficult and huge case about PG&E. PG&E’s desire to increase its profits was so big that they didn’t even care about their neighbors’ health or security. In a world where heroes are often in short supply, the story of Erin Brockovich is an inspirational reminder of the power of the human spirit. Her passion, tenacity and steadfast desire to fight for the rights of the underdog defied the odds. Her victory made even more sweet by the fact that while helping others, she in turn helped herself. This story is not just a triumph of the little guy over the big nasty corporation, it’s the journey of one woman down the path of self-discovery as well. If only the world had more â€Å"Erin Brockoviches† in it, perhaps there would be more honesty in it. Profile of an extraordinary woman â€Å"She brought a small town to its feet and a huge corporation to its knees.† After watching the movie I realized that Erin’s public self was pretty much the same as her private self: she treated Ed, her boss in the same manner as she treated George, her boyfriend. Erin didn’t take crap from anybody but at times she did let her aggressions take over. Most of the time these hostilities would lead her in contempt, but in the long run usually worked out for the best. It was a good way to get her point across at times but from my perspective she could have approached some of these situations a little differently, for example the night Erin met George she could have asked him nicely to be quiet instead of chewing him out angrily, even after he tried repeatedly to apologize to her. She is aggressive and she loses her temper easily. Another example of this is point where Ed takes on a partner for advice and help with costs on the PG&E cases and when Erin walks in and finds out, she immediately feels offended and flies off the handle when she could have used a â€Å"pillow method† so to speak, to look at the situation from Ed’s point of view and realize that taking on this partner was in the best interests of the case. Incensed by what she has found, Erin begins a crusade to make Pacific Gas & Electric accountable for the illness and death that they have caused. Driven by her own persistence and desire to seek justice for the townspeople, Erin goes door to door to sign up over 600 plaintiffs for a direct-action lawsuit against PG&E. However, not everyone shares Erin’s enthusiasm to see justice done – with PG&E being the largest employer in the area, Erin finds a number of townspeople leery of rocking the boat. Nonetheless, Erin’s persistence and the personal interest she takes in their lives makes them listen. She is one of them. A kindred spirit and her ability to connect with them on their level makes them comfortable, ultimately earning their trust. She thrives on being the voice for those who don’t know how to yell. Along with trust and honesty comes respect. When a person is trusted and shown to be honest, that person is respected for those reasons. Erin experiences respect of her for the first time with the community of Hinkley. Once she knows how it feels to be respected, she realizes how valuable that asset can be: â€Å"For the first time in my life, I’ve got people respecting me. When I walk into a room, people shut up to see if I have anything to say. I never had that before. Please, don’t ask me to give that up.† Erin was also respected for her compassion and selflessness. She genuinely cared about every single victim of P.G. & E.’s lie. She proved this fact when Theresa said Erin’s files needed some holes filled in and Erin recited from memory all the information Theresa wanted and more. Someone who doesn’t have compassion and caring for the townspeople of Hinkley would not have been able to do that. When Erin is hired there is some internal grumbling at the law firm, as a number of Erin’s co-workers resent her outspoken personality and questionable style of dress. She talks in a non-polite way, she always goes straight to her point and she is not afraid of saying what’s in her mind, she is brutally honest: â€Å"That’s all you got, lady. Two wrong feet and ugly shoes!† She also loves ironies: â€Å"I just went out there and performed sexual favors†. Erin is always able to get the evidences she needs by using the means she has, she is extremely confident.

The Uses And Gratifications Research Of Mass Communication...

There are several debates on whether the uses and gratifications research of Mass Communication is still relevant in the modern world as well as considering the possibility that the Era of Mass Communication has ended completely. According to Thomas E. Ruggiero, the uses and gratifications are evolving to approach towards the new mass communication form, from the early years of newspaper, radio and television, and now the Internet (Ruggiero, 2000). These technologies are used to reach large audiences for media purposes. Internet and social networking has become more dominant form of communication between audiences and media outlets. This would create a change in mass media relationships in comparison to the previous pre internet era, including in the use and gratifications obtained by the audiences. Meaning an individual may get something else out of using the mass communication technology of internet than the form of a newspaper, as that was during the time that UG studies surfaced. Studies of the 20th Century mass media (pre internet Era) may differ from modern uses and gratifications of the mass media with the major influence of the internet. The debates are whether pre internet research on uses and gratification is still relevant in today’s modern day usage of internet. Early research on the uses and gratifications of mass media focuses on the media consumption of audiences, to satisfy their own needs and what motivates them to select the different forms of media.Show MoreRelatedInternet Addiction, Excessive Usage, And Gratification1419 Words   |  6 PagesNisaa Kirtman PSY 7102, Week 4 Internet addiction, excessive usage, and gratification: A review of two articles The growth of the internet and internet-dependency has become some of the many facets in people?s day-to-day lives. Smartphones, radio, the television, newspapers, and magazines are flooded with news and non-stop information that some may not classify as ?news? (e.g., celebrity gossip, etc.). 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It is a formRead MoreUses And Gratifications Theory Analysis1956 Words   |  8 Pages Uses and Gratifications Theory Analysis Paige Healey George Mason University â€Æ' Abstract What mass communication professionals recognize as the uses and gratifications (UG) approach is recognized broadly as a subtradition of media effects research. As an active-audience approach, this theory presented innovated perspectives to evaluating mass media. With technological advances changing the mass media world each year, UG offers a flexible approach to analyzing how and why and audienceRead MoreUGT in the 21st Century14999 Words   |  60 PagesMASS COMMUNICATION SOCIETY, 2000, 3(1), 3–37 Uses and Gratifications Theory in the 21st Century Thomas E. Ruggiero Communications Department University of Texas at El Paso Some mass communications scholars have contended that uses and gratifications is not a rigorous social science theory. 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The senderRead MoreHow Media Influences The Minds Of All Who Consume It1569 Words   |  7 PagesMinutes or A Current Affair may believe everything being said wholeheartedly and without interpretation, however another might be skeptical or decide to research the story for themselves. The three theories that are prominent when debating Passive vs Active are the Hypodermic Needle/Magic Bullet theory, Agenda Setting theory and the Uses and Gratifications theory. The Hypodermic/Bullet theory states that all media has a direct and un-interpretable impact upon whoever consumes it. â€Å"According to this simplisticRead MoreUsing Old Fashioned Ways And Technology1248 Words   |  5 PagesMost of the current generation is accustomed to the technology that has been created throughout the years. While some people may still prefer to use old-fashioned ways and technology, there are many reasons that today’s society has popularized digital devices and social media. Every day there is more technology being created around us and most likely will become just as popular as what we know today. A lot of technology has come from personal gain but has influenced the world little by little. It

Evaluation of Estella from Great Expectations Essay

Evaluation of Estella from Great Expectations. Evaluation of Estella The lady whom I had never seen before, lifted up her eyes and looked archly at me, and then I saw that the eyes were Estellas eyes. From this passage, I believe it is safe to infer that Pip notices a great change in Estellas appearance and the way she carries herself, once she comes back from finishing school, but is there really that much of a change in the rest of her? Although she may change her methods, shes still unemotional, she still takes orders from Miss Havisham, and she still leads Pip on. Speaking of leading Pip on, Estella leads Pip on. When Pip is at Miss Havishams for the second time, Estella acts as if she likes Pip and does†¦show more content†¦Oh you must take the purse! We have no choice, you and IU, but to obey our instructions. We are not free to follow our own devices, you and IU. (Page 265, paragraph 2) This is something that Estella says to Pip when she first arrives in London in the second part of the book. Of coarse this is not true Pip, but neither he nor Estella knows that Miss Havisham is not his benefactor. Miss Havisham also pushes Estella around in the first part of the book. She makes her play cards with Pip when she doesnt want to; she makes her bring him food; etc. Estella does these things, but does not do them with any kindness. She only doss them because she had to, which brings me to my final subject, the fact that, throughout the story Estella is cold-hearted, unemotional, and sometimes even mean. Again on Pips second trip to Miss Havishams, when he first gets there, Estella just completely ignores him. At the appointed time I returned to Miss Havishams, and my hesitating ring at the gate brought out Estella. She locked it after admitting me, as she had done before, and again preceded me into the dark passage where her candle stood. She took no notice of me until she had the candle in her hand. (Page 74, paragraph4) Can you believe it? Not even a courteous Hello. Tsk, tsk, tsk. As I said, Estella had been known to be quite mean to the Pipster. Okay, okay, Ill give you an example if you really want meShow MoreRelatedPortrayal of the Victorian Era in Great Expectations Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesWritten during the Victorian Era (1850-1900) Charles Dickenss Great Expectations has echoes of Victorian Morality all throughout the novel. When looked up in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, morality is defined as the evaluation of or means of evaluating human conduct as a set of ideas of right and wrong and as a set of customs of a given society, class, or social groups which regulate relationships and prescribes modes of behavior to enhance the groups survival. AlthoughRead MoreGreat Expectations - Literary Analysis1674 Words   |  7 PagesAn Evaluation of Pip, and His Great Expectations In the year 1860, author Charles Dicken’s began his thirteenth novel, Great Expectations. The work is a coming-of-age novel, which tells the life story of an orphan boy named Pip, who much like Dickens’ in his earlier years is unhappy with his current life. A number of Charles Dickens’ personal life events are mirrored in the novel, leaving Great Expectations to be one of his most autobiographical works. Young Pip, the protagonistRead MoreQuestions On Great Expectations 1772 Words   |  8 PagesAnswers for Evaluating Literature- Great Expectations 1. This title signifies Pip’s expectancy for his monetary inheritance, referred to as his expectations. It also refers to the expectations he has for life, such as his expectation to become a gentleman and marrying Estella. 2. The story takes place during the 19th century in England, in North Kent and London. Pip, has conflicting feelings about both locations. Pip doesn’t particularly like Kent, but before he left, it held a place of sanctuaryRead More Pips Aspirations in Charles Dickens Great Expectations Essay2765 Words   |  12 PagesCharles Dickens Great Expectations      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through Great Expectations, Dickens explores the different notions of gentility in the nineteenth century and the implications of upward mobility on the lower class. One of the most radical aspects of the industrial revolution on the everyday life of nineteenth-century England was the effect on the social structure. Prior to the nineteenth century, social stratification was rigid and did not allow individuals to move from one group to another

Sample Resume Quality Measure Essay - 1387 Words

AMAZON FRESH, LONDON Bus 566 Aly Esmail University of La Verne QUALITY MEASURE - Fresh Food - Large Selections - Very Efficient - Competitive Pricing TARGET MARKET - Ecommerce Grocery Set to Double in Sales - Millennials Amazon Fresh, it’s easy, convenient, and delivers quality groceries right to your home. PLACE/DISTRIBUTION - London - Refrigerated Trucks - Distribution Centers PRICE - Middle to High Incomes - Competitive Pricing - Growing Market Share To Take Advantage Of PRODUCT - Every Type of Food Product Imaginable Would Now Be At Your Disposal - Several Convenient Delivery Options PROMOTION - 20% Off and Free Shipping On Your First Three Orders - Partner With Local Merchants - Free Samples Amazon Fresh launched in 2007 as an e-commerce super market and currently offers same day delivery options. Amazon Fresh aims to conveniently deliver quality and fresh food to your home without ever having to step outside. â€Å"The logic seems obvious: Everyone eats food, every day. Food is a massive business. People like having food delivered. And as Amazon is in both the ‘massive’ and ‘delivered’ business, it seems likes somewhere Amazon ought to be.† (Edwards, 2013). However, the biggest barrier is that food is a perishable item. â€Å"Nearly 40% of grocery items (meat, dairy, produce, frozen food) must be maintained at a specific temperature.† (Mcdonald, 2014). Amazon’s solution was temperature-controlled delivery trucks, reusable insulated cooled coolers andShow MoreRelatedRacism On Black Names And Job Hiring Practices Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pagesfocuses on the patterns between aversive racism on black names and job hiring pra ctices. This study will use a field experimental research to determine hiring rate of a resume with a distinctively black and distinctively white names. There will also us qualitative method: in-depth interview to understand participants selected specific resumes over others. 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Financial reports of Analysis for Dummies - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Financial reports of Analysis for Dummies. Answer: Introduction: This report has been prepared to evaluate and identify the impact of the financial statement of a company over various aspects and the variables of the company. Financial statement is the main reports to analyze the performance and the position of the company in terms of finance. Financial statement analysis is done by the financial analyst, chief financial officer and the investors of the company to analyze and evaluate the position of the company so that a better decision could be made. This analysis also assists the companies to evaluate their market position so that the new diversifications, strategies and policies could be made. In this report, automotive industry has been taken into the concern. This report has been prepared over Marshall Motor Holdings plc. For this analysis, firstly an overview study has been done over the company and the automotive industry. Further, various financial analysis methods have been used to identify the changes into the financial position of the company so that it could be evaluated that how the position of the company has been enhanced. Company overview: Marshall Motor holdings plc is operating its business into international market. The analysis over company depict that the primarily, this company evaluates and performs the automotive industrys work. This company is selling and repairing numerous vehicles related to commercial and passengers purpose. Currently, this company has diversified its market into 25 countries. 103 franchises of this company have contracted with 25 brands of automotive industry to transport the vehicles into the global market (Home, 2017). This company has 28 sites to manage and administer the operations and the performance of the company. Through the analysis over the internal and external factors of the company, it has been evaluated that the performance of the company has been enhanced and it assist the company to manage the position of the company in the industry as well as in international market. Industry Overview: Further, the overview study over the industry depict that the automotive industry is growing up rapidly. The automotive industry share has been enhanced in the economy share. Through the analysis over automotive industry, it has been found that the global presence of the automotive industry is enhancing and due to it the performance of the companies which are performing their business under this industry is enhancing rapidly (Schlichting, 2013). Further, it has been analyzed that the trends of 2017 express that the performance of the companies in this industry have been enhanced: (Strategy, 2017) The above graph depict that the operating margin of the industry has been enhanced and depict about the better position of the industry in the market. Further, it has also been analyzed that the total shareholder return of automotive industry has also been enhanced in last 55 years. Through the study over an article, it has also been evaluated that the industry is planning to set a new road map. This analysis depict that the various new changes have taken place into the position and the performance of the company. Further, it has also been analyzed that the companies of automotive industry have planned various new strategies and the vehicles to enhance their market. The manufacturing and the design of the vehicles are designed by the company in such a manner that the entire clients of this industry could be satisfied and thus the revenue of the industry could also be higher (Phillips and Stawarski, 2016). Currently the automobile rate of the international market has also been enhanced. Financial statement analysis: For analyzing the performance of the MARSHALL MOTOR HOLDINGS PLC in a better way, study has been done over the financial statement of the company. More, it has also been analyzed that how much changes and what changes have taken place into the performance and the position of the company. Further, it has also been analyzed that how these changes have impacted the position of the company. Following are the few changes which have taken place into the position of the company: Calculation of the increment 2016 2015 Sales 1899405000 1232761000 54.08% Operating profit 29054000 18246000 59.23% Earnings 17762000 11721000 51.54% Dividend payment 3251000 15448000 -78.96% Market capitalization 145638000 129884000 12.13% Operating cash flow 80309000 25493000 215.02% Capital expenditure 40754000 -2169000 -1978.93% Debt increment 85444000 28642000 198.32% (Palicka, 2011) The above statement and the table depict that various changes have taken place into the position and the performance of the company. Through this analysis, it has been evaluated that how this position have impacted the performance of the company. From the above table, it has been found that the sales of the company have been enhanced in 2016 from 2015 by 54.08%. Further, it has also been found that the operating profit has also been enhanced with the increment in the sales. More, the earnings of the company have also been enhanced due to good increment in the total revenue of the company (Madhura, 2014). More, it has also been found that the company has reduced the level of the dividend payment to manage the funds in the organization. This has helped the comapny to raise the funds through internal sources. More, the cash flow of the company in terms of operating aspects has also been enhanced by 215.02%. And lastly, the study over capital expenditure and debt increment depict that the organization has enhanced the funds through debt to diversify the market and the expenditure of the company has also been enhanced. Ratio analysis: Further, the study has been done over the liquidity position; solvency position, debt position and the profitability position of the organization to identify the changes which have taken place into the organization of the company. Following are the calculations of the ratio analysis of the company: Financial Data Description Marshall Holdings plc ($) 2016 2015 2014 Revenue 1,89,94,05,000 1,23,27,61,000 1,08,58,83,000 94,05,05,000 79,44,37,000 Cost of goods sold 1,67,89,49,000 1,08,74,52,000 95,97,12,000 82,67,07,000 70,11,53,000 Gross profit 22,04,56,000 14,53,09,000 12,61,71,000 11,37,98,000 9,32,84,000 Operating profit 2,90,54,000 1,82,46,000 1,52,43,000 1,25,72,000 68,81,000 Net profit 1,77,54,000 1,17,14,000 99,36,000 77,32,000 33,05,000 Interest 29,85,000 14,18,000 11,40,000 11,95,000 11,66,000 Inventory 38,00,16,000 24,06,32,000 16,30,11,000 13,49,58,000 11,04,77,000 Current assets 47,51,72,000 30,74,86,000 23,80,18,000 21,43,37,000 15,73,73,000 Receivables 8,46,61,000 3,81,93,000 7,03,01,000 7,49,43,000 4,32,84,000 Current liabilities 58,49,14,000 28,99,70,000 25,14,11,000 21,28,34,000 15,53,40,000 Payables 49,73,40,000 21,24,06,000 22,14,42,000 18,25,44,000 12,86,86,000 Equity 14,56,38,000 12,98,84,000 6,61,20,000 6,06,81,000 5,59,46,000 Total liabilities 65,60,14,000 32,51,19,000 28,70,14,000 24,72,56,000 18,72,75,000 Total assets 80,16,52,000 45,50,03,000 35,31,34,000 30,79,37,000 24,32,21,000 Number of employee 2,250 Description Formula Marshall Holdings plc 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 Profitability Net margin Net profit/revenues 0.93% 0.95% 0.92% 0.82% 0.42% Return on equity Net profit/Equity 12.19% 9.02% 15.03% 12.74% 5.91% Sales employee Sales / number of employee 844180 Liquidity Current ratio Current assets/current liabilities 0.81 1.06 0.95 1.01 1.01 Acid test Current assets-Inventory/current liabilities 0.16 0.23 0.30 0.37 0.30 Efficiency Receivables collection period Receivables/ Total sales*365 16.27 11.31 23.63 29.08 19.89 Payables collection period Payables/ Cost of sales*365 108.12 71.29 84.22 80.60 66.99 Asset turnover ratio Total sales/ Total assets 2.37 2.71 3.07 3.05 3.27 Solvency Debt to Equity Ratio Debt/ Equity 4.50 2.50 4.34 4.07 3.35 Debt to assets Debt/ Total assets 0.82 0.71 0.81 0.80 0.77 Interest cover EBIT / interest expenses 9.73 12.87 13.37 10.52 5.90 Gearing ratio Long term liabilities / capital employed 0.22 0.24 0.31 0.37 0.37 Return on capital employed Operating profit / total assets - current liabilities 0.41 0.52 0.43 0.37 0.22 (London Stock Exchange, 2017) The above table depict about the various level of the company. Firstly, the study has been done over the profitability position of the company. Firstly, net profit margin of the company has been analyzed and it has been found that the net profit of the company has been enhanced in 2016 (Kinsky, 2011). It depict that the position of the company is increasing continuously. More, the return on equity and the sales of the company in comparison of the employees have also been analyzed and it has been found that the return on equity has been enhanced by 12.19% in 2016. Further, it has also been found that currently the sales per employee of the company are 844180 (Krantz, 2016). Through this analysis, it has been found that the performance and the position of the company have been enhanced and it depict about the better profitability position of the company (Morningstar, 2017). The above table depict about the various level of the company. Firstly, the study has been done over the profitability position of the company. Firstly, net profit margin of the company has been analyzed and it has been found that the net profit of the company has been enhanced in 2016 (Kinsky, 2011). It depict that the position of the company is increasing continuously. More, the return on equity and the sales of the company in comparison of the employees have also been analyzed and it has been found that the return on equity has been enhanced by 12.19% in 2016. Further, it has also been found that currently the sales per employee of the company are 844180 (Home, 2017). Through this analysis, it has been found that the performance and the position of the company have been enhanced and further it express about the better profitability position of the company. Further, the above table depict about the liquidity position of the company. Liquidity position of a company depict about the debt obligation position of the company and the position of the company to pay off all the debts (Horngren, 2009). Firstly, current ratio of the company has been analyzed and it has been found that the current liquidity position of the company has been lowered in 2016. It depict that the position of the company and the policies of reducing the level of the current assets in comparison of the current liabilities is a great step. It would help the company to reduce the level of the extra expenditure. The position of current liquidity position is better according to the industry debt obligation level (Hopper, Northcott and Scapens, 2007). More, the quick liquidity ratio of the company has been analyzed and it has been found that the quick position of the company has also been lowered in 2016 in comparison of last 5years. Through this analysis, it has also been fo und that the company is required to manage the level of the current assets except the inventories of the company. Through this analysis, it has been found that the performance and the position of the company have been enhanced and it depict about the better liquidity position of the company, company is just required to enhance the level of the quick assets of the company (Hansen, Mowen and Guan, 2007). Further, the above table depict about the efficiency position of the company. Efficiency position of a company depict about the total cash conversion process of the company and the position of the company to manage all the operations and current assets and liabilities in a perfect manner (Garrison, Noreen, Brewer and McGowan, 2010). Firstly, receivable collection period of the company has been analyzed and it has been found that the company has reduce the level of the collection period to get the debtors amount quickly. It depict that the position of the company and the policies of collecting the debt amount has been changed and it assist the company to manage the better position. It would help the company to reduce the level of the extra expenditure (Elton, Gruber, Brown and Goetzmann, 2009). The position of cash collection position is better according to the industry and the obligation of the company. More, the payment payable days of the company has also been analyzed and it has b een found that the total payment days of the company has also been enhanced in 2016 in comparison of last 5years. Through this analysis, it has also been found that the company has reduced the payment cycle to enhance the level of the cash in the business (Hansen, Mowen and Madison, 2010). Through this analysis, it has been found that the performance and the position of the company have been enhanced and the cash conversion cycle of the company has also been better. Lastly, the above table depict about the solvency position of the company. Solvency position of a company depict about the total capital structure and the debt of the company in comparison of various other variables of the company (DRURY, 2013). Firstly, debt to equity ratio of the company has been analyzed and it has been found that the company has enhanced the level of the debt in comparison on the equity to reduce the level of the cost in the company. It depict that the position of the company and the policies of managing the debt and equity has been changed but it has impacted over the risk level of the company (Bhimani, Horngren, Datar and Foster, 2008). Further, the debt to assets level of the company has also been analyzed and it has been found that the debt level of the company has enhanced in comparison of total assets in last 5 years. Through this analysis, it has also been found that the company has managed the debt, equity and total assets level to manage the performance and the position of the company. Through this analysis, it has been found that the performance and the position of the company have been enhanced and the company is required to reduce the level of the debt and equity. Horizontal analysis: Further, the financial reports and the statement of the company have been analyzed through the method of horizontal analysis. In this study, it has been analyzed that how much changes have taken place into the each year in comparison of last year. Following are the calculations of the horizontal analysis over income statement and balance sheet of the company: MARSHALL MOTOR HOLDINGS PLC (MMH) CashFlowFlag INCOME STATEMENT Fiscal year ends in December. 2016-12 Changes 2015-12 Changes 2014-12 Changes 2013-12 Changes 2012-12 Revenue 1899405000 54.08% 1232761000 13.53% 1085883000 15.46% 940505000 18.39% 794437000 Cost of revenue 1678949000 54.39% 1087452000 13.31% 959712000 16.09% 826707000 17.91% 701153000 Gross profit 220456000 51.72% 145309000 15.17% 126171000 10.87% 113798000 21.99% 93284000 Operating expenses Sales, General and administrative 3518000 141.79% 1455000 -21.05% 1843000 47.44% 1250000 88.82% 662000 Other operating expenses 187884000 49.58% 125608000 15.15% 109085000 9.11% 99976000 16.60% 85741000 Total operating expenses 191402000 50.64% 127063000 14.55% 110928000 9.58% 101226000 17.16% 86403000 Operating income 29054000 59.23% 18246000 19.70% 15243000 21.25% 12572000 82.71% 6881000 Interest Expense 2985000 110.51% 1418000 24.39% 1140000 -4.60% 1195000 2.49% 1166000 Other income (expense) -3918000 167.44% -1465000 21.07% -1210000 3.95% -1164000 0.09% -1163000 Income before income taxes 22151000 44.18% 15363000 19.16% 12893000 26.24% 10213000 124.36% 4552000 Provision for income taxes 4397000 20.50% 3649000 23.40% 2957000 19.19% 2481000 98.96% 1247000 Minority interest -8000 14.29% -7000 133.33% -3000 0.00% -3000 -40.00% -5000 Other income -8000 14.29% -7000 133.33% -3000 0.00% -3000 -40.00% -5000 Net income from continuing operations 17754000 51.56% 11714000 17.89% 9936000 28.50% 7732000 133.95% 3305000 Other 8000 14.29% 7000 133.33% 3000 0.00% 3000 -40.00% 5000 Net income 17762000 51.54% 11721000 17.93% 9939000 28.49% 7735000 133.69% 3310000 Net income available to common shareholders 17762000 51.54% 11721000 17.93% 9939000 28.49% 7735000 133.69% 3310000 Earnings per share Basic 0.23 15.00% 0.2 53.85% 0.13 30.00% 0.1 150.00% 0.04 Diluted 0.22 15.79% 0.19 46.15% 0.13 30.00% 0.1 150.00% 0.04 Weighted average shares outstanding Basic 77326970 30.12% 59425171 -23.06% 77236263 0.00% 77236263 0.00% 77236263 Diluted 79500548 30.23% 61046875 -20.96% 77236263 0.00% 77236263 0.00% 77236263 EBITDA 49369000 30.37% 37868000 8.11% 35028000 9.40% 32018000 30.34% 24565000 (Ackert and Deaves, 2009) MARSHALL MOTOR HOLDINGS PLC (MMH) CashFlowFlag BALANCE SHEET Fiscal year ends in December. 2016-12 Changes 2015-12 Changes 2014-12 Changes 2013-12 Changes 2012-12 Assets Current assets Cash Cash and cash equivalents 83000 -99.66% 24130000 1221.47% 1826000 3.81% 1759000 18.85% 1480000 Total cash 83000 -99.66% 24130000 1221.47% 1826000 3.81% 1759000 18.85% 1480000 Inventories 380016000 57.92% 240632000 47.62% 163011000 20.79% 134958000 22.16% 110477000 Prepaid expenses 10412000 129.79% 4531000 57.33% 2880000 7.58% 2677000 25.56% 2132000 Other current assets 84661000 121.67% 38193000 -45.67% 70301000 -6.19% 74943000 73.14% 43284000 Total current assets 475172000 54.53% 307486000 29.19% 238018000 11.05% 214337000 36.20% 157373000 Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Land -100.00% 37381000 13.22% 33017000 20.19% 27470000 5.96% 25924000 Fixtures and equipment 35126000 29.25% 27177000 5.08% 25863000 -5.56% 27387000 9.40% 25033000 Other properties 232468000 112.76% 109262000 10.05% 99281000 7.51% 92343000 5.09% 87868000 Property and equipment, at cost 267594000 53.95% 173820000 9.90% 158161000 7.45% 147200000 6.03% 138825000 Accumulated Depreciation -65783000 -1.13% -66535000 -0.88% -67124000 2.75% -65330000 9.91% -59439000 Property, plant and equipment, net 201811000 88.11% 107285000 17.85% 91037000 11.20% 81870000 3.13% 79386000 Goodwill 121191000 220.69% 37791000 71.35% 22055000 130.05% 9587000 48.59% 6452000 Intangible assets 842000 85.87% 453000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Other long-term assets 2636000 32.60% 1988000 -1.78% 2024000 -5.55% 2143000 21330.00% 10000 Total non-current assets 326480000 121.32% 147517000 28.15% 115116000 22.99% 93600000 9.03% 85848000 Total assets 801652000 76.19% 455003000 28.85% 353134000 14.68% 307937000 26.61% 243221000 Liabilities and stockholders' equity Liabilities Current liabilities Short-term debt 47050000 76.22% 26700000 -5.79% 28342000 0.78% 28124000 5.61% 26629000 Capital leases 30680000 Accounts payable 497340000 134.15% 212406000 -4.08% 221442000 21.31% 182544000 41.85% 128686000 Taxes payable 4602000 -3.38% 4763000 192.75% 1627000 -24.88% 2166000 8564.00% 25000 Other current liabilities 5242000 -88.63% 46101000 Total current liabilities 584914000 101.72% 289970000 15.34% 251411000 18.13% 212834000 37.01% 155340000 Non-current liabilities Long-term debt 7531000 -69.48% 24677000 -2.09% 25205000 4.98% 24010000 14.48% 20973000 Capital leases 33833000 Deferred taxes liabilities 20803000 1003.61% 1885000 5.72% 1783000 -5.16% 1880000 -33.87% 2843000 Minority interest 21000 -27.59% 29000 -19.44% 36000 -7.69% 39000 -7.14% 42000 Other long-term liabilities 8912000 4.14% 8558000 -0.24% 8579000 1.01% 8493000 5.15% 8077000 Total non-current liabilities 71100000 102.28% 35149000 -1.28% 35603000 3.43% 34422000 7.79% 31935000 Total liabilities 656014000 101.78% 325119000 13.28% 287014000 16.08% 247256000 32.03% 187275000 Stockholders' equity Common stock 49531000 Additional paid-in capital 19672000 0.00% 19672000 Retained earnings 76435000 25.75% 60781000 -4.84% 63870000 9.31% 58431000 8.82% 53696000 Accumulated other comprehensive income -100.00% 49431000 2096.93% 2250000 0.00% 2250000 0.00% 2250000 Total stockholders' equity 145638000 12.13% 129884000 96.44% 66120000 8.96% 60681000 8.46% 55946000 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity 801652000 76.19% 455003000 28.85% 353134000 14.68% 307937000 26.61% 243221000 The above study of income statement and balance sheet depict that the various changes have taken place into the position and the performance of the company. This depicts that the performance of the company has been better in 2016 in comparison of last 5 years (Baker and Nofsinger, 2010). Further, it has also been analyzed that few changes could be done by the company to enhance the level of the profitability position of the company. Conclusion: Through the above study, it has been found that the various strategies must be changed by the company to manage the position and the performance of the company. though, the performance of the company has been better from last 5 years but still, few changes should be done by the company to enhance the level of the financial performance of the company. Company must manage the level of the debt and equity according to the industry rules. Further, company should also need to manage a better level of the liquid position so that the risk and return of the company could also be managed. Through the above analysis over MARSHALL MOTOR HOLDINGS PLC and the automotive industry, it has been analyzed that the profitability position of the comapny has been improved and the market share of the company has also been enhanced. Further, it has been found that the trends of the industry depict that various positive changes would take place into the performance of the company in future. Further, it has also been analyzed that few changes could be done by the company to enhance the level of the profitability position of the company. References: Ackert, L. and Deaves, R. 2009. Behavioral Finance: Psychology, Decision-Making, and Markets. Cengage Learning. Baker, H.K. and Nofsinger, J.R. 2010. Behavioral Finance: Investors, Corporations, and Markets. John Wiley and Sons. Bhimani, A., Horngren, C. T., Datar, S. M., and Foster, G. 2008.Management and cost accounting(Vol. 1). Pearson Education. DRURY, C. M. 2013.Management and cost accounting. Springer. 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